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Notes sur l'excitation maniaque |
ARGOS2003
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Les principaux documents de
référence sont
indiqués en fin. Il n'est pas question d'être exhaustif sur un tel
sujet, aussi a-t-on privilégie les documents récents faisant autorité
(rapports de recherche) et
les rares documents en français. La presse de vulgarisation
médicale a
été volontairement écartée.
New
Treatments in Mania
Dr. McElroy
Originally
webcast Tuesday, March 11, 2003
Conférence
"live" en format realnetwork
Bipolar
II Disorder: The Concept of Dysphoric Hypomania
Dr. Suppes
Originally
webcast Tuesday, April 15, 2003
Conférence "live" en format realnetwork.
Passionnante conférence, ou l'on démontre que :
1). Les BP II se suicident plus que les BPI
2). C'est dans les états de dépression joints à un certain niveau
d'excitation que se produisent la plupart des suicides. Ce n'est pas en
montant très haut dans l'échelle de la manie (le grand I), à
l'exception de la comordité due aux conduites à risque.
Conférence
"live" en format realnetwork
Janvier 2004 : commercialisation du zyprexa injectable dans les
crises maniaques.
Les états mixtes amènent à se poser la question de la nature de la manie. Une hypothése intéressante est que la manie serait reliée, non pas à la tonalité de l'humeur, mais à l'intensité anormale de celle-ci. Une études de localisation neurologique chez l'animal attribue d'ailleurs des sièges distincts à l'intensité de l'humeur et à sa tonalité.
Eur Psychiatry. 2003 May;18(3):124-8. :
Emotional hyper-reactivity as a
fundamental mood characteristic of manic and mixed states.
Henry C, Swendsen J, Van den Bulke D, Sorbara F, Demotes-Mainard J,
Leboyer M.
Service de Psychiatrie Adulte, Centre Hospitalier Charles Perrens, 121,
rue de la Bechade, 33076 Bordeaux, France.
chantal.henry@bordeaux.inserm.fr
BACKGROUND: The relationship between depression and mania
remains poorly understood and is responsible for much of the confusion
about mixed states. The difficulty in conceptualizing opposite states
such as euphoric and depressive moods during the same episode may
account for the considerable differences in reported frequencies of
mixed states, among acutely manic patients. It is possible that the
fundamental mood characteristic of mania is not tonality of mood (e.g.
euphoric, irritable or depressed mood), but rather the intensity of
emotions. METHOD: We interviewed 30 patients hospitalized for a manic
episode, asking about their symptoms during the episode, using the list
of symptoms for manic and depressive episode of the DSM-IV criteria.
Emotional hyper-reactivity, defined as an increase in the intensity of
all emotions, was assessed using the Hardy Scale. Manic symptoms were
also assessed by a clinician using the Beck-Rafaelsen Mania Scale.
RESULTS: This study showed that most of the manic episodes presented
many dysphoric symptoms, more particularly depressive mood (33%),
irritability (53%), anxiety (76%), and recurrent thoughts of death or
suicidal ideation (33%). However, only 10% of our sample met the
criteria for mixed state. The other symptoms reported by patients and
included in the DSM-IV criteria for depressive mood are common between
depressive and manic episodes. All patients (100%) reported that they
felt all their emotions with an unusual intensity. CONCLUSION: We
suggest that the most appropriate way to define mood in manic states is
as a function of intensity, and not as a function of tonality. This
definition circumvents the arbitrary dichotomy between mania and mixed
state. With this definition, manic episodes can be described as being
more or less dysphoric, with the actual characteristics of dysphoria
encompassing irritability, anxiety, or depressive affect. This point
could be extremely helpful in discriminating mixed state or dysphoric
mania from depression.